CULTIVATION

STEVIA CULTIVATION AND PROPAGATION

Stevia is a five year plantation crop. The crop is newly introduced in India. It gives regular earning. The first cutting of the green leaves is done after four month of the plantation and later on there will be regular cutting after every 3-4 Months as per climatic condition. The crop is only source of natural sweetener. The stevia is the first choice of the sugar free industry. The sweetener of stevia is widely used in the world. The crop is planted for five years. After the fifth year the marginal return start to decline so it is best to uproot crop and replant it. Stevia cultivation in India is having bright future.

SOIL

Stevia grows well in sandy loam soils with an ample supply of water. stevia prefers acidic to neutral soil with a PH range of 6.5-7.5 for its best growth. Saline soils should be avoided as stevia plant is susceptible to water logged conditions.

CLIMATE

Stevia is a semi-humid, subtropical plant and can grow in the temperature ranges between 04-48o C. An annual average temperature of 31o C with a rainfall of 140 cm per year has been found optimum for its good growth. It shows good seed germination when subjected to light and warm conditions. Hence, a long growing season, minimal frost, high light intensities and warm temperature favors higher leaf production. Stevia is a short day plant, but the concentration of stevioside in the leaves increases when the plants are grown under long day conditions. The day temperatures should not exceed 48 oC and the night temperatures should not fall below 04 o C.

LAND PREPARATION

The land sites are plowed and or cultivated twice to prepare a fairly smooth, firm-planting surface.Stevia cultivation is done on the bed shown very good result.

STEVIA CULTIVATION PROPAGATION

Stevia plants can be propagated from cuttings or seeds or by tissue culture. As the seed germination is very poor and seedlings are very slow to establish, it is generally propagated clonally through cuttings. For vegetative propagation, stem cuttings of 15 cm length taken from leaf axils of the current year’s growth have been given better results. Treatment with Paclobutrazol @ 100ppm has been found to induce the root initiation in short time and IBA@500 ppm is also found to be effective. The best months for propagation are February-March. The cuttings will be ready for transplanting after 25-30 days of rooting

TRANSPLANTS

Transplants from cuttings would be superior; however, cost makes it prohibitive. Stevia must be propagated from seed in plug trays placed in a greenhouse for a period of 7 to 8 weeks. 

PLANTING

Depending on different climatic conditions, Stevia is cultivable throughout the year except for times when it is extremely hot or cold. Stevia plug plants are planted into the field on 75 cm  bed with row spacing of 45 cm at 45 cm height with a total plant density in the order of 30,000 plants per Acre.

FERTILIZATION

The stevia plant appears to have low nutrient requirements; however a soil test should be conducted. Good organic manure must be applied time to time

WEED CONTROL

Stevia crop also requires hand hoeing and weeding. After every 2 months there must be weeding. regualr weedign must be done in stevia cultivation.

PESTS

Insect pest pressures other than cutworm are minimal. Septoria disease can cause considerable damage to the Stevia crop. Animals seem to like the sweet taste of Stevia, too. Application on neem based product will manage the disease and pests.

HARVESTING

Time of harvesting depends on land variety and growing season. Generally, it can be scheduled when plants are 40-60 centimeters in height. Shorter days induce flowering. Optimum yield (biomass) and stevioside quality and quantity is best just prior to flowering. The plant will tolerate very low temperatures.

DRYING

Drying of the woody stems plus the soft green leaf material is completed immediately after harvesting, utilizing a drying wagon or a kiln. Depending on weather conditions and density of loading, it generally takes 24 to 48 hours to dry Stevia at 40°C to 50°C. An estimated 2500 kg/Acre dry green leaves are obtained from three-four cutting of every year. It is cultivated up to 5 years after a one time plantation.

THRESHING

Immediately following drying, a specially designed thresher/separator is necessary to separate dry Stevia leaves from its stem.

COST OF CULTIVATION OF  STEVIA

FOR ONE ACRE LAND

Particulars	Activity		I -Year		II-Year	III-Year	IV -Year	V- Year
Field Preparation	Cultivation and the Bed raising		5,000		-------	--------	--------	---------
Nutrient Management	Organic Manure And Bio-pesticides		15,000		15,000	15,000	15,000	15,000
Plants	30,000 Plants @ Rs 2 / Plant		60,000		-------	-------	-------	---------
Water Management	Drip Irrigation		15,000		--------	--------	---------	---------
Weed Management	6 operation per year (Manually at every 2 month)		12,000		12,000	12,000	12,000	12,000
Logistics Charges			3,000		3,000	3,000	3,000	3,000
Planting Charges	To place the plants in the field		2,000		-------	--------	--------	-----------
Harvesting	Cutting the leaves		1500		2,000	2,000	2,000	2,000
Post Harvest Managemnet	Leaves Drying		750		1,000	1,000	1,000	1,000
Maintenance	Normal Take care of farm & other miscellaneous expanses		10,000		10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000
Consultancy			5,000		5,000	5,000	5,000	5,000
TOTAL EXPENCES			1,29,250		48,000	48,000	48,000	48,000
INOME FROM THE PRODUCTION
Particulars		I -Year		II-Year		III-Year	IV -Year	V- Year
Production	Dry Leaves in Kg.	1800		2200		2200	2200	2200
Amount	@ Rs 100/Kg	1,80,000		2,20,000		2,20,000	2,20,000	2,20,000

 RETURN – INVESTMENT ANALYSIS

Total investment for five year plantation on one acre       =    3, 21,250 /=

Total return from the five year plantation on one acre      =   10, 60,000 /=

FOR FIVE ACRE LAND

1.   Total cost of cultivation for the 5 Acre land                 =   16, 06,250 /=

2.   Total return from 5 Acre land in 5 year cycle              =   53, 00,000 /=

HUMAN RESOURCES EXPENCES

Cost of Supervisor @ Rs 4000/month for one year          =          48,000 /=

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Cost of Supervisor for five years                                       =       2, 40,000 /=

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NET RETURN

Net Return from the per year per Acre plantation

PARTICULARS	AMOUNT
Total return from 5 Acre stevia plantation in  5 year cycle	53, 00,000 /=
Total cost of cultivation for the 5 Acre in  5 year cycle	(-)16,06,250 /=
Human resources expenses	(-)  2,40,000 /=
Net  return from plantation from 5 Acre land in  5 year cycle	34,53,750 /=
NET RETURN PER YEAR PER ACRE	1,38,150 /=

 ·    The cost of cultivation is calculated as per ideal condition. It may vary location to location

  ·   The drip irrigation charges will depend on the  subsidy provided by state govt. That vary from state to state

  · The production is taken at lower side in normal condition. It can be increase up to the 2500  Kg -3000 Kg by the efficient management.